A ransomware virus dubbed NullByte was reported by malware researchers to append the _nullbyte file extension to the files which it encrypts with a strong AES cipher. The name nullbyte originates from the NUL character in ASCII control code, suggesting that an experienced coder may be behind the virus. Further reports indicate the NullByte Ransomware has something to do with two other ransomware variants – DetoxCrypto and Serpico ransomware. The NullByte virus also demands a ransom payoff from the victims of the computers it infects in the size of 0.1 BTC which is approximately 60 US dollars.
Threat Summary
| Name | NullByte |
| Type | Ransomware |
| Short Description | The ransomware uses AES cipher with an asymmetric algorithm to have a decryption key different than the encryption one. |
| Symptoms | The ransomware will lock all your files with _nullbyte file extension appended to them and put a ransom note in your PC as well as lock it’s screen. The note states that you have to pay the equivalent of 60$ in Bitcoins for decryption. |
| Distribution Method | Spam Emails, Email Attachments, Suspicious Sites |
| Detection Tool |
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Malware Removal Tool
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| User Experience | Join Our Forum to Discuss NullByte Ransomware |
| Data Recovery Tool | Windows Data Recovery by Stellar Phoenix Notice! This product scans your drive sectors to recover lost files and it may not recover 100% of the encrypted files, but only few of them, depending on the situation and whether or not you have reformatted your drive. |
NullByte Virus – Distribution
The NullByte ransomware virus may use malvertising campaigns to distribute malicious URLs that may cause an infection when they are visited. Sometimes, potentially unwanted programs that are ad-supported (adware) may also be used to display browser redirects to such URL’s causing direct infection on user PCs.
Another method of distribution of the NullByte Virus has been reported to be massive spam e-mail campaigns that are usually containing e-mail attachments that cause infection via JavaScript or an Exploit Kit attack.
Furthermore, the NullByte virus may also be dropped on the computer via other malware that may currently be residing on it.
NullByte Ransowmare – How Does It Work
NullByte ransomware may drop more than one files upon infection. The files it drops may be executable types of files of the following file formats:
→ .exe, .vbs, .bat, .dll, .cmd, .tmp
After the malicious files have been dropped, the NullByte virus may modify the Windows Registry Editor’s entries with a purpose of running it’s executables on system startup. The targeted registry keys that may be modified are the Run and RunOnce keys located in the following directories:
→HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\ RunServices
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServicesOnce
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce\Setup
After this has been done, the NullByte ransomware virus may also run an auto executable operation that deletes the shadow volume copies. This may be done via a .bat file that is ran automatically, executing the following vssadmin command as an administrator:
→ vssadmin delete shadows /all /quiet
After the encryption process has started, the NullByte ransomware begins to scan the user’s computer for a wide variety of types of files to encrypt. The virus primarily looks for:
- Video files.
- Image files.
- Files that are associated with widely used programs, like Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Reader, Microsoft Office programs, etc.
- Database and web server files.
- Audio files.
As soon as it’s pre-programmed list of file extensions has been put to work, the NullByte ransomware virus begins to encrypt the files. For encryption, it uses the Advanced Encryption Standard. This type of encryption algorithm is believed to be used. After the files have been encoded, the virus then generates a unique decryption key which is then sent to the cyber criminals, by establishing an active connection to their servers.
Files, encrypted by NullByte ransomware can no longer be opened and look like the following:
- Picture.jpg_nullbyte
The _nullbyte file extension in difference to other expansions is indicated with a “_” symbol instead of “.” which is very distinctive for the _nullbyte virus.
After encryption, the malware performs several other activities that have everything to do with “motivating” it’s victims to pay the ransom money. This includes a wallpaper and another document with a QR code and the following threatening message:
→ “All of your personal files have been encrypted.
The only way you can get your information back is to purchase your decryption key.
The current price is set for 0.1 BTC (USD$57.6) and will be released to you upon successful completion of your transfer to us
Our wallet address is: lHpVz6uSgVjQxzJCeGgwYTbNAaD9tByR4u
and if you are using a BitCoin phone app, you can scan this QR code to transfer us funds.
The more popular BitCoin phone apps include Circle, Coinbase and Airbitz
To find our more information on BitCoins, and what they are, please do a youtube search.
To put in a decryption key request, please use the application called Decrypt Info on your desktop, it is the same application that opened upon completion of filesystem encryption.
We apologize for the invonvinience and will release your decryption key as soon as you transfer funds to our BitCoin Wallet.”
In addition to this, the NullByte virus also displays a lock-screen with the same message and interface that allows users to enter decryption keys that are sent to them after they have paid the ransom of 0.1 BTC.
NullByte Ransomware – Conclusion, Removal and File Restoration
Since this virus originates from two other ransomware viruses – DetoxCrypto and Serpico, it is believed they use the same encryption technique and are developed by the same team. Malware researchers strongly advise against paying any ransom money because specialists may reverse-engineer the NullByte ransomware and come up with a decryptor. Instead, it is strongly advisable to remove this virus using the removal instructions after this article. Not only this, but it is also advisable to use an advanced anti-malware tool to automatically locate all the files associated with Nullbyte ransomware and delete them and detect other malware as well If there is such on your computer.
In addition to this, it is also highly advisable to make sure and try the alternative file restoration methods that are posted after this article in step “3. Restore Files Encrypted by NullByte Ransomware” below.
Ventsislav Krastev
Ventsislav is a cybersecurity expert at SensorsTechForum since 2015. He has been researching, covering, helping victims with the latest malware infections plus testing and reviewing software and the newest tech developments. Having graduated Marketing as well, Ventsislav also has passion for learning new shifts and innovations in cybersecurity that become game changers. After studying Value Chain Management, Network Administration and Computer Administration of System Applications, he found his true calling within the cybersecrurity industry and is a strong believer in the education of every user towards online safety and security.
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Step 1: Scan for NullByte with SpyHunter Anti-Malware Tool
Ransomware Automatic Removal - Video Guide
Step 2: Uninstall NullByte and related malware from Windows
Here is a method in few easy steps that should be able to uninstall most programs. No matter if you are using Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista or XP, those steps will get the job done. Dragging the program or its folder to the recycle bin can be a very bad decision. If you do that, bits and pieces of the program are left behind, and that can lead to unstable work of your PC, errors with the file type associations and other unpleasant activities. The proper way to get a program off your computer is to Uninstall it. To do that:
Follow the instructions above and you will successfully delete most unwanted and malicious programs.
Step 3: Clean any registries, created by NullByte on your computer.
The usually targeted registries of Windows machines are the following:
- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
- HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce
- HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunOnce
You can access them by opening the Windows registry editor and deleting any values, created by NullByte there. This can happen by following the steps underneath:
Tip: To find a virus-created value, you can right-click on it and click "Modify" to see which file it is set to run. If this is the virus file location, remove the value.
Before starting "Step 4", please boot back into Normal mode, in case you are currently in Safe Mode.
This will enable you to install and use SpyHunter 5 successfully.
Step 4: Boot Your PC In Safe Mode to isolate and remove NullByte
Step 5: Try to Restore Files Encrypted by NullByte.
Method 1: Use STOP Decrypter by Emsisoft.
Not all variants of this ransomware can be decrypted for free, but we have added the decryptor used by researchers that is often updated with the variants which become eventually decrypted. You can try and decrypt your files using the instructions below, but if they do not work, then unfortunately your variant of the ransomware virus is not decryptable.
Follow the instructions below to use the Emsisoft decrypter and decrypt your files for free. You can download the Emsisoft decryption tool linked here and then follow the steps provided below:
1 Right-click on the decrypter and click on Run as Administrator as shown below:
2. Agree with the license terms:
3. Click on "Add Folder" and then add the folders where you want files decrypted as shown underneath:
4. Click on "Decrypt" and wait for your files to be decoded.
Note: Credit for the decryptor goes to Emsisoft researchers who have made the breakthrough with this virus.
Method 2: Use data recovery software
Ransomware infections and NullByte aim to encrypt your files using an encryption algorithm which may be very difficult to decrypt. This is why we have suggested a data recovery method that may help you go around direct decryption and try to restore your files. Bear in mind that this method may not be 100% effective but may also help you a little or a lot in different situations.
Simply click on the link and on the website menus on the top, choose Data Recovery - Data Recovery Wizard for Windows or Mac (depending on your OS), and then download and run the tool.
NullByte-FAQ
What is NullByte Ransomware?
NullByte is a ransomware infection - the malicious software that enters your computer silently and blocks either access to the computer itself or encrypt your files.
Many ransomware viruses use sophisticated encryption algorithms to make your files inaccessible. The goal of ransomware infections is to demand that you pay a ransom payment to get access to your files back.
What Does NullByte Ransomware Do?
Ransomware in general is a malicious software that is designed to block access to your computer or files until a ransom is paid.
Ransomware viruses can also damage your system, corrupt data and delete files, resulting in the permanent loss of important files.
How Does NullByte Infect?
Via several ways.NullByte Ransomware infects computers by being sent via phishing emails, containing virus attachment. This attachment is usually masked as an important document, like an invoice, bank document or even a plane ticket and it looks very convincing to users.
Another way you may become a victim of NullByte is if you download a fake installer, crack or patch from a low reputation website or if you click on a virus link. Many users report getting a ransomware infection by downloading torrents.
How to Open .NullByte files?
You can't without a decryptor. At this point, the .NullByte files are encrypted. You can only open them once they are decrypted using a specific decryption key for the particular algorithm.
What to Do If a Decryptor Does Not Work?
Do not panic, and backup the files. If a decryptor did not decrypt your .NullByte files successfully, then do not despair, because this virus is still new.
Can I Restore ".NullByte" Files?
Yes, sometimes files can be restored. We have suggested several file recovery methods that could work if you want to restore .NullByte files.
These methods are in no way 100% guaranteed that you will be able to get your files back. But if you have a backup, your chances of success are much greater.
How To Get Rid of NullByte Virus?
The safest way and the most efficient one for the removal of this ransomware infection is the use a professional anti-malware program.
It will scan for and locate NullByte ransomware and then remove it without causing any additional harm to your important .NullByte files.
Can I Report Ransomware to Authorities?
In case your computer got infected with a ransomware infection, you can report it to the local Police departments. It can help authorities worldwide track and determine the perpetrators behind the virus that has infected your computer.
Below, we have prepared a list with government websites, where you can file a report in case you are a victim of a cybercrime:
Cyber-security authorities, responsible for handling ransomware attack reports in different regions all over the world:
Germany - Offizielles Portal der deutschen Polizei
United States - IC3 Internet Crime Complaint Centre
United Kingdom - Action Fraud Police
France - Ministère de l'Intérieur
Italy - Polizia Di Stato
Spain - Policía Nacional
Netherlands - Politie
Poland - Policja
Portugal - Polícia Judiciária
Greece - Cyber Crime Unit (Hellenic Police)
India - Mumbai Police - CyberCrime Investigation Cell
Australia - Australian High Tech Crime Center
Reports may be responded to in different timeframes, depending on your local authorities.
Can You Stop Ransomware from Encrypting Your Files?
Yes, you can prevent ransomware. The best way to do this is to ensure your computer system is updated with the latest security patches, use a reputable anti-malware program and firewall, backup your important files frequently, and avoid clicking on malicious links or downloading unknown files.
Can NullByte Ransomware Steal Your Data?
Yes, in most cases ransomware will steal your information. It is a form of malware that steals data from a user's computer, encrypts it, and then demands a ransom in order to decrypt it.
In many cases, the malware authors or attackers will threaten to delete the data or publish it online unless the ransom is paid.
Can Ransomware Infect WiFi?
Yes, ransomware can infect WiFi networks, as malicious actors can use it to gain control of the network, steal confidential data, and lock out users. If a ransomware attack is successful, it could lead to a loss of service and/or data, and in some cases, financial losses.
Should I Pay Ransomware?
No, you should not pay ransomware extortionists. Paying them only encourages criminals and does not guarantee that the files or data will be restored. The better approach is to have a secure backup of important data and be vigilant about security in the first place.
What Happens If I Don't Pay Ransom?
If you don't pay the ransom, the hackers may still have access to your computer, data, or files and may continue to threaten to expose or delete them, or even use them to commit cybercrimes. In some cases, they may even continue to demand additional ransom payments.
Can a Ransomware Attack Be Detected?
Yes, ransomware can be detected. Anti-malware software and other advanced security tools can detect ransomware and alert the user when it is present on a machine.
It is important to stay up-to-date on the latest security measures and to keep security software updated to ensure ransomware can be detected and prevented.
Do Ransomware Criminals Get Caught?
Yes, ransomware criminals do get caught. Law enforcement agencies, such as the FBI, Interpol and others have been successful in tracking down and prosecuting ransomware criminals in the US and other countries. As ransomware threats continue to increase, so does the enforcement activity.
About the NullByte Research
The content we publish on SensorsTechForum.com, this NullByte how-to removal guide included, is the outcome of extensive research, hard work and our team’s devotion to help you remove the specific malware and restore your encrypted files.
How did we conduct the research on this ransomware?
Our research is based on an independent investigation. We are in contact with independent security researchers, and as such, we receive daily updates on the latest malware and ransomware definitions.
Furthermore, the research behind the NullByte ransomware threat is backed with VirusTotal and the NoMoreRansom project.
To better understand the ransomware threat, please refer to the following articles which provide knowledgeable details.
As a site that has been dedicated to providing free removal instructions for ransomware and malware since 2014, SensorsTechForum’s recommendation is to only pay attention to trustworthy sources.
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- Always check "About Us" web page.
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